This paper focuses on the issue of narrow-body aircraft payload restrictions that lead to reduced airline profitability in civil aviation operations. Firstly, the factors affecting aircraft payload are analyzed, and it is pointed out that payload restrictions mainly fall into two categories: performance limitations caused by high temperatures and structural limitations caused by extreme range. Secondly, the specific principles of high-temperature payload restrictions and extreme range are analyzed, and the differences between the two are detailed. High-temperature payload restrictions mainly involve takeoff and landing weight restrictions, which are caused by insufficient runway length or unsatisfactory performance gradient requirements. Extreme range payload restrictions is mainly due to fuel tank capacity limitations. Finally, for high-temperature payload restrictions, it is suggested that favorable runways or runway directions should be applied for during the dispatch release phase, performance calculation conditions should be optimized, favorable aircraft types should be replaced, flight routes should be optimized, alternative landing sites should be arranged, altitude levels should be changed, and flight delays should be actively implemented to increase payload. For extreme range restrictions, it is suggested to modify fuel deviations, cost indices, and adjust fuel densities to solve the problem. Some methods are simulated using the Airbus performance software Flysmart+ to prove their effectiveness.