When the aircraft flies in a low temperature and high humidity environment, the supercooled water droplets hit the wing surface to freeze or overflow, which will increase the roughness of the wing surface. Surface roughness can affect the aerodynamic and heat transfer characteristics of the aircraft. With the study of NACA0012 airfoil, the influence of different ks was analyzed on the aerodynamic and heat transfer. The results show that the heat current density increases sharply, and the maximum difference of the peak is about 5 times. With the increase of ice accumulation time, the influence of ks value on the final predicted ice shape becomes more significant. At small ks value, the ice can extend to the front edge of the wing, and the impact limit will gradually decrease. Increasing the ks value at the same ice accumulation time, or the ice accumulation time at the same ks value, the lift coefficient and stall attack angle of the predicted ice will decrease, the drag coefficient will become larger, and the lift gain effect on the wing will be significantly reduced.