Freezing rain is one of the common severe weather that affects the safe operation of civil aviation in winter. The contaminants on the surface of the aircraft can lead to a decrease in the critical angle of attack of the aircraft wings, resulting in the unsafe incidents for civil aircraft flight. Guizhou Province is the region with the most severe impact of low temperature, rain, snow, and freezing disasters in China. In order to improve the safety of civil aircraft flight in freezing rain weather, Guiyang Longdongbao Airport was selected as a sample to sort out the damage of freezing rain in civil aviation transportation. Combined with the terrain feature of the airport region, the formation mechanism of freezing rain was studied based on the process of a freezing rain in Guiyang on January 18, 2019. The study found that Guiyang region has a unique topography of low latitude but high altitude, and there is a strong temperature inversion layer in the region, forming a temperature field structure of upper warm and lower cold, which is a necessary condition to cause freezing rain. Finally, operational control suggestions were proposed from four aspects: strengthening the forecast and early warning work in freezing rain weather, implementing the crew operation rules in freezing rain weather, strictly implementing the control regulations in freezing rain weather, and developing the work plans in freezing rain weather.