In order to improve the economic benefits of airlines and aircraft utilization, combined with previous research results, the annual and daily cycle characteristics of climatic ground surface atmospheric temperature of 48 4E and 4F airports in China from 1980 to 2020 were analyzed and compared. The interpolation method and one-dimensional linear regression analysis method were used to study and analyze the temperature and the calculated aircraft load data .The study shows that:1） the maximum temperature at most airports in China usually occurs in July;2） as the latitude of the airport increases, the annual average temperature value of the airport will decrease; 3） as the altitude increases, the annual average temperature value of the airport will decrease; 4） the daily range of temperature in China's airports is generally greater in summer than in winter, but not as great as in spring; 5） as the daily range of temperature on land is greater than that of the ocean, the farther the airport is from the sea （or a large body of water）, the greater the daily range will be. It is recommended to improve the payload of civil aircraft in three aspects: optimizing the schedule time of flights, selecting superior aircraft types to execute special routes and strengthening the assessment of takeoff performance and load reduction release in high temperature conditions.