Based on the fault data of components during civil aircraft test flight operations, the characteristic indicators of the components are inferred to evaluate whether the components provided by the supplier meet the characteristic indicator requirements of the design phase. The application of hypothesis testing method in the evaluation of civil aircraft components characteristic indexes was studied，and for the two types of characteristics indexes in the development and design stage of civil aircraft: large-scale characteristic indexes and small-scale characteristic indexes, hypothesis testing methods based on large samples were respectively given. Combined with the fault data sample of a certain type of equipment, the proposed characteristic index evaluation method was used to evaluate the failure rate of the equipment, and the conclusion that the actual value of the index meets the design value requirements is obtained.