In this paper, a flight test positioning and monitoring system based on STM32 and WPF technology was designed for the problems of small radius in civil aircraft test flight telemetry monitoring, and signal was easily affected by flight altitude and airspace topography. This system is composed of data acquisition and distribution equipment and real-time analysis software, in which the data acquisition and distribution equipment takes STM32F107 as the control core, cooperates with network transmission, RS232 communication and other modules to realize the communication of the test flight test system and Beidou terminal, and uses Beidou short messages to complete real-time collection of positioning parameters and key flight test data and long-distance transmission. The real-time analysis software adopted WPF technology and was developed using MVVM mode. It integrated components such as GMAP.Net, IoTDB, and realized the visual display of aircraft tracks, key parameters and warning information. The test results show that the system has stable operation and high reliability, which provides a solution for the development of special flight test subjects.