The cabin floor structure is an important part of the fuselage structure of civil aircraft. The seat rail is connected with the floor beam, which is a key structure and directly bears the loads of aircraft passengers and seats. Firstly, this paper introduces and explains the stress of the floor structure of civil aircraft, then analyzes and explains the structural form of the cabin floor slide rail of the current international typical aircraft, as same as the material selection and the connection form between the seat rail and the beam, gives the structural characteristics of the structural form of the cabin slide rail of each aircraft. Furthermore, the structural design of the cabin slide rail was analyzed and explained from three aspects: the design of the crown of the seat rail of the civil aircraft cabin, the design of the upper edge strip of the seat rail and the design of the height of the seat rail, and the key points and general methods of the structural design and analysis of the floor seat rail of the civil aircraft cabin were given. Finally, the structural design scheme of the cabin floor slide rail of the civil aircraft was summarized and analyzed. It provides a reference for the structural design of civil aircraft cabin floor slide rail.