Lightweight materials and structures are the development direction of the modern aerospace industry. Aluminum-lithium alloy is a kind of ideal aerospace material due to low density, high specific strength and high specific elastic modulus. The hollow sandwich structure parts formed by the superplastic forming/diffusion bonding process have the advantages of good integrity, large design freedom, high forming accuracy, no residual stress. Furthermore, the weight and cost can be significantly reduced and they are widely used in the aerospace field. In response to the urgent need for the integration and lightweight of the new generation of complex multi-layer structural parts in the aerospace industry, the development history of aluminum-lithium alloys at home and abroad are reviewed. The state of the art in aluminum-lithium alloy superplastic forming, diffusion bonding and superplastic forming/diffusion bonding combined processes and their applications in the aerospace field are introduced. The dense and stable oxidation film on the surface of aluminum-lithium alloy hinders the quality improvement of its diffusion bonding joint and becomes the bottleneck problem. The related technology and mechanism of removing the oxide layer on the surface of the aluminum-lithium alloy and preventing the regeneration of the new oxide layer are analyzed. Finally, the application prospect of the aluminum-lithium alloy superplastic forming/diffusion bonding technology in the aerospace field and the research topics in the future are forecasted.