By analyzing the failure mechanisms and life prediction models of turbine blades of aircraft engine, the key factors that lead to turbine blade failure were identified. The status and trends of dimension measurement technology were reviewed based on discussions of the key parameters relevant to blade life, including evaluation of the profile of blade during manufacturing, profile of leading and trailing edges, film cooling holes, and blade surface quality. The off-line and real-time evaluations of surface coating quality and creep strain during service were also discussed. Measurement technology is shown to be critical in providing data for improving life prediction models as well as in ensuring dimensional consistency during manufacturing.