As an aircraft takeoff or landing, the aerodynamic characteristics change a lot for the ground effect,such as lift/ stability increasing and drag reducing etc. This paper analyzes the change of the longitudinal/lateral characteristics and maneuvering surface efficiency, and also tries to analyze the mechanism of the ground effect.Results show that, with ground effect, the stall happens 2° earlier, longitudinal stability increases 0.15 bA, lateral stability increases 10%~20%, horizontal tail efficiency increases 10%, rudder efficiency changes little while the decrease of the aileron efficiency can reach 10%. Due to these effects, stability and maneuvering ability of the aircraft are deteriorated.