The 300 more lives'air disaster caused by the “cargo compartment decompression”among the civil aviation history put forward the technical requirement for the rapid decompression unit used in the cargo compartment. The paper describes three typical structures of rapid decompression unit used in the abroad civil aircraft cargo compartment, and analyses the advantage and disadvantage of three rapid decompression units by comparison.Based on the developing and testing experience of cargo compartment rapid decompression unit for some domestic civil aircraft model, a new design procedure for the cargo compartment rapid decompression unit is developed, and the seesential design is summarized, which can provide reference to the design of the domestic civil aircraft cargo compartment rapid decompression unit.